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WSO2 Carbon is shipped with a Secure Vault implementation, which is a modified version of synapse Secure Vault. This allows you to store encrypted passwords that are mapped to aliases. That is, you can use the aliases instead of the actual passwords in your configuration files for better security. For example, some configurations require the admin username and password. If the admin user password is "admin", you could use the alias UserManager.AdminUser.Password in your configuration file. You would then map that alias to the actual password "admin". At runtime, the product will look up this alias in the secure vault and then decrypt and use its password.

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• Secret Repository: This is used to store the secret values (encrypted values). The cipher-text.properties file, located in the <PRODUCT_HOME>/repository/conf/security folder is the default file based secret repository used by the Secret Manager in your Carbon product. Note that, currently, Secure Vault only implements file based secret repositories. The Secret Repository stores aliases vs. their actual secrets in encrypted format (encrypted via a key in keystore). Any secret repositories can be written by implementing the SecretRepository and SecretRepositoryProvider classes. See the topic on creating custom secure vault configurations.
• Secret Manger: The Secret Manager initializes the Secret Repository and the keystore configured for the Carbon server. The secrets stored in the Secret Repository are accessed using the aliases indicated in the cipher-text.properties file. The keystore is required to create the decryption crypto, which can be used to resolve encrypted secrets values. The keystore and Secret Repository are configurable through the 'secret-conf.properties' file found in file, which is created in the <PRODUCT_HOME>/repository/conf/security folder when you execute the Cipher Tool.
  
• Secret Callback: This provides the actual password for a given alias. There is a SecretManagerSecretCallbackHandler, which is combined with Secret Manager to resolve the secret. Any callback can be written by implementing the SecretCallbackHandler class. See the topic on creating custom secure vault configurations.
• Secret Resolver: Any configuration builder that uses secret information within its own configuration file needs to initialize the Secret Resolver when building its own configuration. The Secret Resolver keeps a list of secured elements that need to be defined in the configuration file with secret aliases. Secret Resolver initializes the Secret Callback handler class, which is defined in the configuration file. 

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