Single sign-on is a key feature of the WSO2 Identity Server that enables users to access multiple applications using the same set of credentials. Additionally, the user can access all these applications without having to log into each application individually. For instance, if users log into application A, they would automatically have access to application B as well for the duration of that session without having to re-enter their credentials.

The profile specification for Security Assertion Markup Language 2.0 (SAML 2.0) defines single sign-on based on a web browser. This topic provides instructions on how to use the sample available in the WSO2 Identity Server to configure SSO using SAML 2.0 with a sample service provider.

You can find more information regarding the SAML2 and SAML2 Web Browser SSO Profile in the saml-core specification and the saml-profile specification.

See the following topics for instructions on how to configure the sample with the WSO2 Identity Server.

Before you begin!

To ensure you get the full understanding of this tutorial, the sample travelocity applciation is used in this use case. Therefore, make sure to download the samples before you begin.
Download Tomcat 7.x. The samples are written on Servlet 3.0. Therefore, they need to be deployed on Tomcat 7.x.
Install Apache Maven. For more information, see Installation Prerequisites.

Configuring the SSO web application

To obtain and configure the single sign-on travelocity sample, follow the steps below.

Add the following entry to the /etc/hosts file of your machine to configure the hostname.
Why is this step needed?
Some browsers do not allow you to create cookies for a naked hostname, such as localhost. Cookies are required when working with SSO. Therefore, to ensure that the SSO capabilities work as expected in this tutorial, you need to configure the etc/host file as explained in this step.
The etc/host file is a read-only file. Therefore, you won't be able to edit it by opening the file via a text editor. To avoid this, edit the file using the terminal commands.
For example, use the following command if you are working on a Mac/Linux environment.
sudo nano /etc/hosts
```
127.0.0.1 	wso2is.local
```
Open the travelocity.properties file found in the is-samples/modules/samples/sso/sso-agent-sample/src/main/resources directory of the samples folder you just checked out. Configure the following property with the hostname (wso2is.local) that you configured above.
```
#The URL of the SAML 2.0 Assertion Consumer
SAML2.AssertionConsumerURL=http://wso2is.local:8080/travelocity.com/home.jsp
```
In your terminal, navigate to is-samples/modules/samples/sso/sso-agent-sample folder and build the sample using the following command. You must have Apache Maven installed to do this
```
mvn clean install
```
After successfully building the sample, a .war file named travelocity.com can be found inside the is-samples/sso/sso-agent-sample/ target directory. Deploy this sample web app on a web container. To do this, use the Apache Tomcat server.

Since this sample is written based on Servlet 3.0 it needs to be deployed on Tomcat 7.x.
Use the following steps to deploy the web app in the web container:
1. Stop the Apache Tomcat server if it is already running.
2. Copy the travelocity.com.war file to the <TOMCAT_HOME>/webapps directory.
3. Start the Apache Tomcat server.

Tip: If you wish to change properties like the issuer ID, consumer URL, and IdP URL, you can edit the travelocity.properties file found in the travelocity.com/WEB-INF/classes directory. If the service provider is configured in a tenant you can use the QueryParams property to send the tenant domain. For example, QueryParams=tenantDomain=wso2.com.

This sample uses the following default values.

Properties	Description
`SAML2.SPEntityId=travelocity.com`	A unique identifier for this SAML 2.0 Service Provider application.
`SAML2.AssertionConsumerURL=http://wso2is.local:8080/travelocity.com/home.jsp`	The URL of the SAML 2.0 Assertion Consumer.
`SAML2.IdPURL=https://localhost:9443/samlsso`	The URL of the SAML 2.0 Identity Provider.

If you edit the travelocity.properties file, you must restart the Apache Tomcat server for the changes to take effect.

Now the web application is successfully deployed on a web container.

Configuring the service provider

The next step is to configure travelocity.com as the service provider. The following steps instruct you on how to do this.

Start the Identity Server and access the management console using https://localhost:9443/carbon/.
Log in to the Identity Server using default administrator credentials (the username and password are both admin). If you need to create the service provider in a tenant space, you need to login with tenants user.
Select the Main menu that is on the left side of the management console and click Add under S ervice Provider.
Enter travelocity.com as the value for the Service Provider Name field and click Register.
The Service Providers screen appears. Copy the content in the .pem file of your service provider application certificate and paste it as the value for Application Certificate. In WSO2 IS versions prior to WSO2 IS 5.5.0, the certificates were stored in the keystore file. From 5.5.0 onwards, the certificate is stored in the database and can be directly added via the management console using the Application Certificate field.

Note: If the Application Certificate field is left blank, WSO2 IS is backward compatible and follows the previous implementation to locate the certificates in the keystore.
This means that in the SAML SSO flow, the certificate alias mentioned in SAML inbound authentication configuration is used if the Application Certificate field is left blank.
More on Application Certificate

For more information on Application Certificate and its usage, click here.
Expand the Inbound Authentication Configuration section and then expand SAML2 Web SSO Configuration.
Click Configure.
Select Manual Configuration.

Register the new service provider by providing the following values. See the table below for more information about the fields in this form.

Click here for more information on each attribute

Field	Description	Sample Value
Issuer	This is the entity ID for the SAML2 service provider This value should be same as the `SAML2.SPEntityId` value specified inside the `travelocity.com/WEB-INF/classes/travelocity.properties` file.	`travelocity.com`
Assertion Consumer URLs	This is the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL of the service provider. The identity provider redirects the SAML2 response to this ACS URL. However, if the SAML2 request is signed and SAML2 request contains the ACS URL, the Identity Server will honor the ACS URL of the SAML2 request. This value should be same as the `SAML2.AssertionConsumerURL` value mentioned inside the `travelocity.com/WEB-INF/classes/travelocity.properties` file.	Enter this value: `http://wso2is.local:8080/travelocity.com/home.jsp` and click Add.
Default Assertion Consumer URL	This must be the same value defined above. If you have defined multiple Assertion Consumer URLs, this value must be the same as the `SAML2.AssertionConsumerURL` value mentioned inside the `travelocity.com/WEB-INF/classes/travelocity.properties` file as that is the default.
NameID format	The service provider and identity provider usually communicate with each other regarding a specific subject. That subject should be identified through a Name-Identifier (NameID) , which should be in some format so that It is easy for the other party to identify it based on the format. There are some formats that are defined by SAML2 specification. Enter the default value of this format (`urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress` )	`urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress`
Certificate Alias	This is used to validate the signature of SAML2 requests and is used to generate encryption. From WSO2 IS 5.5.0 onwards, the .pem certificate can be updated via the Service Provider screen in the management console UI using the Application Certificate field. If the certificate has been entered in the Application Certifiate field, the system will use the certificate given there and override the certificate alias field. However, if the Application Certificate field has been left blank, the certificate specified in Certificate Alias will be used.	Select `wso2carbon` `In a tenant : Select the Certificate Alias with tenant domain name`
Response Signing Algorithm	Specifies the ‘SignatureMethod’ algorithm to be used in the ‘Signature’ element in POST binding. The default value can be configured in the`<IS_HOME>/repository/conf/identity/identity.xml` file, in the `SSOService` element with `SAMLDefaultSigningAlgorithmURI` tag. If it is not provided, the default algorithm is RSASHA 1, at URI ‘`http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsasha1`’.	`http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsasha1`
Response Digest Algorithm	Specifies the ‘DigestMethod’ algorithm to be used in the ‘Signature’ element in POST binding. The default value can be configured in the`<IS_HOME>/repository/conf/identity/identity.xml` file, in the `SSOService` element with `SAMLDefaultDigestAlgorithmURI` tag. If it is not provided the default algorithm is SHA 1, at URI ‘`http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1`’.	`http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1`
Assertion Encryption Algorithm	The algorithm that the SAML2 assertion is encrypted. The default value can be configured in the`<IS_HOME>/repository/conf/identity/identity.xml` file, in the `SSOService` element with the `SAMLDefaultAssertionEncryptionAlgorithmURI` tag. If it is not provided the default algorithm is `aes256-cbc`, at URI `http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#aes256-cbc`.	`http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#aes256-cbc`
Key Encryption Algorithm	The algorithm that the SAML2 key is encrypted. The default value can be configured in the `<IS_HOME>/repository/conf/identity/identity.xml` file, in the `SSOService` element with the `SAMLDefaultKeyEncryptionAlgorithmURI`tag. If it is not provided the default algorithm is `rsa-oaep-mgf1`, at URI `http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p`.	`http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p`
Enable Response Signing	This is used to sign the SAML2 Responses returned after the authentication process is complete.	Set as true by selecting the checkbox
Enable Signature Validation in Authentication Requests and Logout Requests	This specifies whether the identity provider must validate the signature of the SAML2 authentication request and the SAML2 logout request that are sent by the service provider.	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable Assertion Encryption	This defines whether the SAML2 assertion must be encrypted or not.	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable Single Logout	Enable this to ensure that all sessions are terminated once the user signs out from one server.	Set this as true by selecting the checkbox
SLO Response URL	If the service provider has a different endpoint which accepts single logout response other than the assertion consumer URL, you can provide that endpoint value here.
SLO Request URL	If the service provider has a different endpoint which accepts single logout requests from the identity server other than the assertion consumer URL, you can provide that endpoint value here.
Enable Attribute Profile	The Identity Server supports a basic attribute profile where the identity provider can include the user’s attributes in the SAML Assertions as an attribute statement. You can define the claims that must be included under service provider claim configurations. Also, once you select the “Include Attributes in the Response Always” checkbox, the identity provider always includes the attribute values related to selected claims in the SAML Attribute statement.	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable Audience Restriction	You can define multiple audiences in the SAML Assertion. Configured audiences would be added into the SAML2 Assertion.	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable IdP Initiated SSO	Depending on your application flow you can choose whether to enable IdP initiated SSO. The IdP initiated SSO profile enables to start an authentication flow by sending a GET request to the Identity server with the following format. `https://{Hostname}:{Port}/samlsso?spEntityID={SAML2 SSO Issuer name}` If your SAML2 SSO issuer has been configured in any other separate tenant other than super tenant, then you need to append the tenantDomain parameter as well. If the tenant domain is `soasecurity.org`, the GET request would be as follows: `https://localhost:9443/samlsso?spEntityID=travelocity.com&tenantDomain=soasecurity.org`	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable IdP initiated SLO	The Identity Server facilitates IdP initiated SAML2 single logout requests. This is useful if the application can not manage the session index received with the SAML response and still wants to perform log out. The following parameters can be used with the IdP initiated SLO request: slo (mandatory parameter) - Must have the value `true` to mark the request as an IdP initiated log out request spEntityID (optional) - Value of the parameter should be the SAML issuer name as in the Issuer field in the SAML service provider configuration UI. returnTo (optional) - Value of the parameter should be the URL that the user needs to be redirected to after the logout. If this parameter is present in the request, the spEntityID parameter must also be present. Since this needs to be a trusted location, the value that comes with the request must match with one of the assertion consumer URLs or returnTo ULRs of the service provider. Example of a returnTo URL: `https://wso2is.local:8080/avs.com/slo`	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample
Enable Assertion Query Request Profile	Enable Assertion Query Request Profile can used for query assertions following SAML2.0 specification. This can query assertions that are persisted to the database when you login to the service provider application. For more information, see Querying SAML Assertions.	Leave unchecked for travelocity sample

Note: To add the correct tenant domain with the username as the subject identifier in tenant mode,

Expand the Local & Outbound Authentication Configuration section and do the following.

Select Use tenant domain in local subject identifier to append the tenant domain to the local subject identifier.
Select Use user store domain in local subject identifier to append the user store domain that the user resides in the local subject identifier.

For super tenant mode, this step is not required and the two options mentioned above should remain disabled by default.

Click Update to register.

Configuring Claims

Configure claims for the service provider. To do this, do the following. For more information on configuring this, see Configuring Claims for a Service Provider.
1. Expand the Claim Configuration section in the service provider form.
2. You can select the claims that must be sent to the service provider. If you just want to send them as claim URIs, select Use Local Claim Dialect.
3. Alternatively, if you want to define new claim URIs for the attributes that are sent, you can define any values for them and map these values with the claim URIs local to WSO2.
  
  For example, you want to set the email address of the user as http://serviceprovider.org/claims/emailaddress claim URI, you can define it here and map it in to http://wso2.org/claims/emailaddress. To specify this, select the Define Custom Claim Dialect option and click Add Claim URI. Enter the Service Provider Claim URIs and select the matching local claim from the dropdown. You can also mark them as a Requested Claim or a Mandatory Claim. For more information, see Configuring Claims for a Service Provider.
Configure outbound authentication as Default authentication type. This specifies that the identity provider authenticates the users with the username/password by validating with the identity provider's user store.
After providing the above information, click Register.

After successfully registering the service provider, log out from management console. The next step is to run the sample.

Running the sample

Visit http://wso2is.local:8080/travelocity.com. You are directed to the following page:
Since you need to use SAML2 for this sample, click the first link, i.e., Click here to login with SAML from Identity Server. You are redirected to the Identity Server for authentication.
Enter the default admin credentials (admin/admin).
Once you have provided the correct credentials, you are redirected to the consent request screen for approval.

Note: This screen will appear at this point if WSO2 Identity Server has all the mandatory claim values of the user in the system. If not, the user will be redirected to the relevant screen and prompted to provide the missing mandatory claim values before providing consent.
For more information about user consent in the SSO authentication flow, see Consent Management with Single-Sign-On.
Select the claims that you consent to share with the Travelocity application and click Approve. You have to provide consent for all the mandatory claims at a minimum to complete authentication.
After providing consent, you are redirected to the travelocity application home page.

If you need to view the SAML request and response, add the following debug log to the log4j.properties file found inside <PRODUCT_HOME>/repository/conf.
```
log4j.logger.org.wso2.carbon.identity=DEBUG
```
Since single log out is enabled, if you click the logout button in the travelocity.com home page, you will successfully log out.

Related Topics

To configure single sign on with different standards or protocols, see the following topics:
To set up reCaptcha for single sign on, see the following page:
- Configuring reCaptcha for Single Sign-On.
To configure single sign on for Microsoft Sharepoint web applications with the WSO2 Identity Server, see the following article:
- [Tutorial] SSO for Microsoft Sharepoint Web Applications with WSO2 Identity Server

Browser not supported